English is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. [6] [7] [8] The country is bordered by Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea to the northwest, the Keltic Sea to the southwest, and the North Sea to the east and the English Channel, which separates it from the continent of Europe, to the south. Most of the UK consists of the central and southern parts of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The UK also includes more than 100 small islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area which is currently named England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Paleolithic period, but this English name comes from the word Angles, which is one of the Germanic tribes that settled there in the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a united country in 927 AD, and since the Age of Exploration which began in the 15th century, Britain has provided significant cultural and legal influence to various parts of the world. [9] English, the Anglican Church, and English law - which form the basis of the general legal system for other countries around the world - originated and developed in England, and this country's parliamentary system has also been widely adopted by other countries. [10] The Industrial Revolution which began in the 18th century made Britain the first industrial country in the world. [11] The British Royal Society also played an important role in laying the foundations of modern experimental science on science and technology. [12]
The area which is currently named England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Paleolithic period, but this English name comes from the word Angles, which is one of the Germanic tribes that settled there in the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a united country in 927 AD, and since the Age of Exploration which began in the 15th century, Britain has provided significant cultural and legal influence to various parts of the world. [9] English, the Anglican Church, and English law - which form the basis of the general legal system for other countries around the world - originated and developed in England, and this country's parliamentary system has also been widely adopted by other countries. [10] The Industrial Revolution which began in the 18th century made Britain the first industrial country in the world. [11] The British Royal Society also played an important role in laying the foundations of modern experimental science on science and technology. [12]
The topography of England consists mainly of hills and lowlands, especially in central and southern England. The highlands are in the north (for example, the mountains of the Lake District, Pennines, and the Yorkshire Dales) and in the southwest (eg Dartmoor and the Cotswolds). The capital city of England was Winchester, then replaced by London in 1066. Today London is the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union based on area. [Note 3] The UK population is around 53 million, or around 84% of the total population of the United Kingdom, most of which is concentrated in London, Southeast England, and conurbation areas in the Midlands, Northwest, Northeast and Yorkshire, each of these regions was developed as a major industrial area during the 19th century. Whereas grassland areas are located outside the area of large cities.
The United Kingdom (after 1284 also included Wales) was a sovereign state until May 1, 1707. Then the Unitary Act which stated that the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Scotland were united politically to form the Kingdom of Great Britain was ratified in 1707. [13] [ 14] In 1801, the United Kingdom united with the Kingdom of Ireland with the ratification of the Unitary Act 1800 and later its name changed to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922, the Irish Free State stood as a separate domini, but six counties in Northern Ireland continued to choose to be part of the United Kingdom, which was later renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, namely the context of the known United Kingdom until now
