Java (Hanacaraka: ꧋ꦗꦮ꧉ (Java: Jåwå), Jawi: جاوا, Pegon: جاوه, China: 爪哇, Arabic: جاوة, Hindi: जावा, Tamil: ஜாவா, Sunda: ᮏᮝ, Madura: Jhâbâh, Bali: ᬚᬯ) is an island in Indonesia and is the 13th widest in the world. With a population of nearly 160 million, the island has the most population in the world and is one of the most populous places in the world. Even though it only ranks the 5th largest, Java Island is inhabited by 60% of Indonesia's population. This figure decreases when compared to the 1905 population census which reached 80.6% of the entire Indonesian population, a percentage of population on the island of Java. transmigration) from the island of Java throughout Indonesia. The capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta, is located in northwestern Java (precisely at the western end of the northern coast)
Java is a relatively young island and is largely formed from volcanic activity. Rows of volcanoes form a range that runs from the east to the west of the island, with the river alluvial sediment in the north.
Many stories of Indonesian history take place on this island. In the past, Java was the center of several Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms, the Islamic sultanate, the Dutch East Indies colonial administration, and the center of the Indonesian independence movement. The island has a major impact on Indonesia's social, political and economic life.
Most of the population speak in three main languages. Javanese is the mother tongue of 100 million Indonesians, and most of the speakers live on the island of Java. Most of the population are bilingual, who speak Indonesian both as first and second languages. The other two important languages are Sundanese and Betawi. The majority of the population of Java Island is Muslim, but there are still a wide variety of beliefs, religions, ethnic groups, and cultures on this island.
The island is administratively divided into six provinces, namely West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Banten; and two special regions, namely DKI Jakarta and DI Yogyakarta.
This island is part of a cluster of the Greater Sunda islands and Sundanese exposure, which in the period before the ice melt was the southeastern tip of the Asian continent. Homo erectus fossil remains, popularly dubbed the "Java Man", were found along the banks of the Bengawan Solo River, and these relics date back 1.7 million years. [10] The Sangiran site is an important prehistoric site on Java. Several megalithic structures have been found on the island of Java, such as menhirs, dolmen, stone tables, and stepped pyramids commonly called Punden Berundak. Punden berundak and menhirs are found on megalithic sites in Paguyangan, Cisolok, and Gunung Padang, West Java. The Cipari megalithic site also found in West Java shows monolithic structures, stone terraces, and sarcophagi. [11] This Punden berundak is considered to be the original archipelago structure and is the basic design of the temple building in the days of the Hindu-Buddhist Archipelago after the local population received the influence of Hindu-Buddhist civilization from India. In the 4th century BC to the 1st or 5th century AD Buni Culture was a clay pottery culture developed on the north coast of West Java. This protosejarah culture was the predecessor of the Tarumanagara kingdom.
The highly fertile and high rainfall island of Java allows the development of rice cultivation in wetlands, thus encouraging increasingly complex levels of cooperation between villages. From the village alliances, small kingdoms developed. The range of volcanic mountains and surrounding highlands stretching along the island of Java causes the interior areas of the island and its communities to be relatively separated from outside influences. [12] In the period before the development of Islamic countries and the arrival of European colonialism, the existing rivers were the main means of transportation of the people, although most rivers in Java were short-lived. Only the Brantas and Bengawan Solo rivers can become long-distance connecting facilities, so that the river valleys form the center of large kingdoms.
It is estimated that a transportation system consisting of road networks, permanent bridges, and excise collection posts has been formed on the island of Java at least in the mid-17th century. Local authorities have power over these routes, a heavy rainy season can also interfere with travel, and so the use of roads is highly dependent on ongoing maintenance. It can be said that the relations between the inhabitants of the island of Java at that time were difficult. [13]
Java is a relatively young island and is largely formed from volcanic activity. Rows of volcanoes form a range that runs from the east to the west of the island, with the river alluvial sediment in the north.
Many stories of Indonesian history take place on this island. In the past, Java was the center of several Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms, the Islamic sultanate, the Dutch East Indies colonial administration, and the center of the Indonesian independence movement. The island has a major impact on Indonesia's social, political and economic life.
Most of the population speak in three main languages. Javanese is the mother tongue of 100 million Indonesians, and most of the speakers live on the island of Java. Most of the population are bilingual, who speak Indonesian both as first and second languages. The other two important languages are Sundanese and Betawi. The majority of the population of Java Island is Muslim, but there are still a wide variety of beliefs, religions, ethnic groups, and cultures on this island.
The island is administratively divided into six provinces, namely West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Banten; and two special regions, namely DKI Jakarta and DI Yogyakarta.
This island is part of a cluster of the Greater Sunda islands and Sundanese exposure, which in the period before the ice melt was the southeastern tip of the Asian continent. Homo erectus fossil remains, popularly dubbed the "Java Man", were found along the banks of the Bengawan Solo River, and these relics date back 1.7 million years. [10] The Sangiran site is an important prehistoric site on Java. Several megalithic structures have been found on the island of Java, such as menhirs, dolmen, stone tables, and stepped pyramids commonly called Punden Berundak. Punden berundak and menhirs are found on megalithic sites in Paguyangan, Cisolok, and Gunung Padang, West Java. The Cipari megalithic site also found in West Java shows monolithic structures, stone terraces, and sarcophagi. [11] This Punden berundak is considered to be the original archipelago structure and is the basic design of the temple building in the days of the Hindu-Buddhist Archipelago after the local population received the influence of Hindu-Buddhist civilization from India. In the 4th century BC to the 1st or 5th century AD Buni Culture was a clay pottery culture developed on the north coast of West Java. This protosejarah culture was the predecessor of the Tarumanagara kingdom.
The highly fertile and high rainfall island of Java allows the development of rice cultivation in wetlands, thus encouraging increasingly complex levels of cooperation between villages. From the village alliances, small kingdoms developed. The range of volcanic mountains and surrounding highlands stretching along the island of Java causes the interior areas of the island and its communities to be relatively separated from outside influences. [12] In the period before the development of Islamic countries and the arrival of European colonialism, the existing rivers were the main means of transportation of the people, although most rivers in Java were short-lived. Only the Brantas and Bengawan Solo rivers can become long-distance connecting facilities, so that the river valleys form the center of large kingdoms.
It is estimated that a transportation system consisting of road networks, permanent bridges, and excise collection posts has been formed on the island of Java at least in the mid-17th century. Local authorities have power over these routes, a heavy rainy season can also interfere with travel, and so the use of roads is highly dependent on ongoing maintenance. It can be said that the relations between the inhabitants of the island of Java at that time were difficult. [13]
