Hypertension (HTN) or high blood pressure, sometimes referred to as arterial hypertension, is a chronic medical condition with increased blood pressure in the arteries. This increase causes the heart to work harder than usual to circulate blood through blood vessels. Blood pressure involves two measurements, systolic and diastolic, depending on whether the heart muscle contracts (systole) or relaxes between pulses (diastole). Normal blood pressure at rest is in the systolic range (upper reading) 100–140 mmHg and diastolic (lower reading) 60–90 mmHg. High blood pressure occurs when constantly at 140/90 mmHg or more.
Hypertension is divided into primary (essential) hypertension or secondary hypertension. About 90-95% of cases are classified as "primary hypertension", which means high blood pressure without a clear medical cause. Other conditions that affect the kidneys, arteries, heart, or endocrine system cause 5-10% of other cases (secondary hypertension).
Hypertension is divided into primary (essential) hypertension or secondary hypertension. About 90-95% of cases are classified as "primary hypertension", which means high blood pressure without a clear medical cause. Other conditions that affect the kidneys, arteries, heart, or endocrine system cause 5-10% of other cases (secondary hypertension).
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Hypertension is the main risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction (heart attack), heart failure, arterial aneurysm (eg aortic aneurysm), peripheral arterial disease, and causes of chronic kidney disease. Even moderate increases in arterial blood pressure are associated with shorter life expectancies. Changes in diet and lifestyle can improve blood pressure control and reduce the risk of health complications. However, drugs are often needed in some people if lifestyle changes alone prove ineffective or insufficient and usually the drug must be taken for life until the doctor decides that there is no need to take medication. Someone who has experienced high blood pressure, in normal conditions can only experience blood pressure again and this is to watch out for, many cases of stroke occur when someone releases the drug. And many people don't think that someone who usually experiences low blood pressure one time can also experience high blood pressure. Therefore routine blood pressure control is absolutely necessary.
In people aged 18 years and over, hypertension is defined as a measurement of systolic and / or diastolic blood pressure that continuously exceeds acceptable normal values (currently systolic 139 mmHg, diastolic 89 mmHg: see table - Classification (JNC7)). If measurements are obtained from 24-hour ambulatory monitoring or monitoring at home, lower limits are used (systolic 135 mmHg or 85 mmHg diastolic). Some of the latest international guidelines on hypertension have also categorized below the hypertension range to show a sustained risk of blood pressure higher than the normal range. JNC7 (2003) [2] uses the term pre-hypertension for blood pressure in the systolic range 120–139 mmHg and / or diastolic 80–89 mmHg, while the ESH-ESC (2007) and BHS IV (2004) uses the optimal, normal, and high normal categories to divide the systolic pressure below 140 mmHg and diastolic below 90 mmHg. Hypertension is also classified as follows: JNC7 distinguishes first grade hypertension, second degree hypertension, and isolated systolic hypertension. Isolated systolic hypertension refers to an increase in systolic pressure with normal diastolic pressure and generally occurs in the elderly. [2] ESH-ESC Guidelines (2007)] and BHS IV (2004), [5] define third-degree hypertension (grade III) for people with systolic blood pressure above 179 mmHg or diastolic pressure above 109 mmHg. Hypertension is classified as "resistant" if certain blood pressure-lowering drugs do not reduce blood pressure (become normal) and need to try other drugs
